For centuries, Kashmiri women have played a crucial yet often overlooked role in the region’s history. From being subjected to social and political exploitation to breaking barriers in various fields, their journey is one of resilience and empowerment. Today, many Kashmiri women have emerged as pioneers in activism, politics, sports, and entrepreneurship, challenging societal norms and inspiring new generations.
The exploitation of Kashmiri women dates back to different periods of the region’s history. Under feudal and colonial rule, they suffered social oppression, economic deprivation, and political marginalization. Traditional patriarchal structures limited their education and independence, confining them to domestic roles. During the Dogra rule 1846–1947, Kashmiri women endured systemic discrimination. The economic burden on the peasantry was immense, and women often toiled alongside men in fields while remaining invisible in decision-making roles. Even in households, they faced restrictions on mobility and access to education. With the conflict that emerged in the late 20th century, the situation worsened. Women became victims of violence, displacement, and loss, often bearing the brunt of tragedies in silence. Reports of human rights violations, including sexual violence, further highlighted their vulnerability. However, amidst adversity, many Kashmiri women rose to challenge oppression, emerging as leaders, activists, and change-makers.
One of the most prominent voices for human rights in Kashmir, Parveena Ahanger founded the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons after her son disappeared in 1990. She turned her tragedy into a powerful movement, advocating for justice for thousands of families whose loved ones went missing during the conflict. Ahanger’s relentless fight against enforced disappearances has made her an international icon of resistance and human rights activism.
Born in Kupwara, Dr. Ruveda Salam broke societal norms when she became the first Kashmiri woman to join the Indian Police Service. Clearing the UPSC civil services exam, she paved the way for many young women in the valley to dream beyond traditional roles. Her journey from a conflict-torn region to a leadership position in law enforcement is a testament to perseverance and determination.
Ayesha Aziz, from Baramulla, became India’s youngest student pilot at 16. She later trained with Russian astronauts at the Yuri Gagarin Space Centre and earned her commercial pilot license, breaking stereotypes about women in aviation. As a Kashmiri woman in a male-dominated profession, Aziz continues to inspire young girls to pursue careers in STEM and aviation.
Bilkes Latief has played a crucial role in women’s economic empowerment in Kashmir. She pioneered the concept of women-run businesses in the region, particularly handloom and handicrafts, employing thousands of Kashmiri women. Her efforts have revived traditional crafts and empowered women to become financially independent.
Nighat Shafi founded the HELP Foundation, an organization that works for the rehabilitations and empowerment of conflict-affected women and children. Through education and skill development programs, she has provided opportunities for thousands of women to rebuild their lives. Her work highlights the importance of education in breaking cycles of oppression and poverty.
Dr. Gazalla Amin is a pioneering entrepreneur in Kashmir, particularly in organic farming and essential oils production. At a time when women in business were rare, she ventured into agriculture and successfully built a brand that employed many local women. Her contribution to sustainable farming has encouraged others to explore organic and eco-friendly industries.
Tajamal Islam, a young sports sensation from Bandipora, made history when she won the World Kickboxing Championship in 2016 at 8. Coming from a region where sports opportunities for girls are limited, Tajamal’s success challenged deep-seated societal norms. She continues to inspire young Kashmiri girls to pursue sports and dream beyond traditional careers.
While Kashmiri women continue to face challenges, their increasing presence in diverse fields signals a shift in societal attitudes. Education has been a powerful tool in this transformation. With more girls enrolling in schools and universities, women now enter professions once deemed off-limits. Social media has also played a vital role in amplifying their voices. Women activists, journalists, and entrepreneurs use digital platforms to highlight issues, share success stories, and challenge gender stereotypes. From fashion influencers to tech entrepreneurs, Kashmiri women are redefining identity and empowerment in the digital age.
Despite progress, Kashmiri women still face significant challenges, including social restrictions, gender-based violence, limited job opportunities, and political instability. Rural women, in particular, continue to struggle with a lack of access to education, healthcare, and financial resources.
Increased access to quality education, especially in rural areas, is crucial.
More women-led businesses and job opportunities must be created.
Strengthening laws against gender-based violence and discrimination is necessary.
Encouraging families and communities to support women’s ambitions is key to long-term change.
From being exploited and marginalized to becoming pioneers in their fields, Kashmiri women have demonstrated remarkable resilience and strength. Whether in human rights activism, law enforcement, aviation, business, or sports, they continue to challenge barriers and inspire future generations. While challenges remain, the progress made so far is a testament to their unbreakable spirit. As more Kashmiri women step into leadership roles, the dream of an empowered, equal society moves closer to reality.
